The foundational teaching of Buddhism is the Four Noble Truths. Very briefly, the First Truth tells us that life is dukkha, ;It is often translated as “suffering,” but it also means “stressful” and “unable to satisfy.”
The Second Truth tells us dukkha has a cause. The immediate cause is craving, and the craving comes from not understanding reality and not knowing ourselves. We experience life in a narrow, self-centered way, going through life craving things we think will make us happy. But we find satisfaction only briefly, and then the anxiety and craving start again.
The Third Truth tells us we can know the cause of dukkha and be liberated from the hamster wheel of stress and craving. Liberation depends on one’s own insight into the source of dukkha. Craving will not cease until you realize for yourself what’s causing it.
The Fourth Truth tells us that insight comes through practice of the Noble Eightfold Path.
The Eightfold Path might be explained as an outline of eight areas of practice ― including meditation, mindfulness, and living an ethical life that benefits others ― that will help us live happier lives and find the wisdom of enlightenment.
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